O - o

-ó₁   sfx. This is a direct voice suffix indicating action by a first or second person upon a third person, or by a third person upon another third person. Návóóm-o /ná-vóom-ó/ I saw him. Évóom-óho. He saw him. Antonym -ae ‘inverse voice’. Category: grammar.

-ó₂   sfx. other third person ending, obviative suffix on AI verbs. Hee'haho émésėh-óho. His son ate. See: -o; -hó; -ae. Category: grammar.

-o₃   sfx. obviative suffix, plural suffix in reportative mode. Except for recent regularization among most newer pronunciation today, this allomorph is used when the preceding stem vowel is phonemically high-pitched. še'x-o duck(s) (obv). Éméot-o He fought him/them (obv). Éhvóomósest-o. He is said to have seen him/them (obv; reportative). Éhméotȯhoon-o. He fought him/them (pret). Énen-o. He (obv) nursed. Émev-o. He ate him (obv). ka'ėškóneh-o child(ren). See: -o; -ó; -o; -hó; -ae. Category: grammar.

-ó₃   sfx. inanimate object suffix, it, them. This is a theme sign that indicates that the object of the verb is inanimate. It is an allomorph of -á. It is used by older speakers, in negative and inferential sentences. For many younger speakers this suffix remains -á as in positive sentences. Hestān-ȯhtse! Take it! (cf. éhestāna 'he took it'). Hestan-omeo'o! Take it (then)! Nóo-ohtse! Ladle it out! Ésáa-vóóhtóhe. He did not see it. Ésáa-vóóhtáhe. He did not see it. (newer pronunciation). Móhvóoht-ȯhéhe. He must have seen it (inf.). Násáahéne'en-óhe. I don't know. Násáahéne'enáhe. (newer pronunciation) I don't know. Ésáahéne'en-óhénóvo. They do not know it. tsévóóht-o what he saw. tséxhestanōm-o when I took it. Variant: -ȯhtsé. See: -é₁; -ó₃. Ques: Is this the same as the TI conjunct suffix?? Etym: *newa·pantansi·ni (R). Category: check, grammar.

-o₄   sfx. absentative suffix. This refers to a person who is absent from the scene, including absent by death. tséheškévo-o'o my mother (obv, absentative). tséhéhevo-o'o the one who is my absent father. tsétó'omemȧxamo-o'o the one who I shot stiff. tséhéhevȯse ?? the one who is your absent father. tséhéhévótse ?? the one who is our absent father. perhaps this could be considered a double obviative suffix since it follows the -o obviative suffix?? Ques: Is this related to the AI preterit suffix -on?? Category: check. See: -o₃ ‘obviative suffix’; -o ‘plural suffix’; -ó₁ ‘OBV’; -ón₂ ‘preterit suffix’; -vó₃ ‘absentative suffix’. Category: grammar.

-o   sfx. conjunct suffix for TI verbs with first person subject and an inanimate singular object. mȧxhestanōm-o if you take it. Variant: -é. See: -o ‘2:I’. Category: grammar.

-o   sfx. suffix for direct voice; This is a suffix for 1st or 2nd person subject acting on 3rd person object in the conjunct order, and for independent order verbs taking the -no(t) TA final, and 3rd person subject acting on an obviative object when the stem-final vowel is high-pitched. Phon: Note that the corresponding independent order suffix is high-pitched -ó. tsévéstoem-o my spouse (literally, the one who I sit with; that is, am married to). tséméhot-o the one I love. tséhvóom-o when I saw him. tséhvóom-ȯse when you saw him. tséhvóom-ōtse when we saw him. Náméanot-o. I gave them away. Etym: *-ak. See: -ōno. Category: grammar.

-o   sfx. conjunct suffix for second person acting on an inanimate singular; conjunct inanimate object suffix, it, them. mȧxhestanom-o if you take it. Nééšėho'eotsėstsehe tséto'sėhotse'óhtom-o? Did you bring what you're going to use? See: -ó ‘1:I’. Category: grammar.

-ó   sfx. LOC. vééno in the tepee.

-o   sfx. third person plural suffix in the reportative mode. Éhnémenésest-o. They reportedly sang. See: -o; -hó; -ae. Category: grammar.

óatoo'ėse   p. of course, indeed. Ques: (related to oha?) ?? Category: check.

-oávenomoo'e   vai. sit asleep. É-oávenomoo'e. He is sitting asleep. Ques: ováve?? Phon: vs See: -nomonoo'e. Category: sit, sleep.

-óé₁   m. liquid, water. Éam-óéhá'éne. He canoed/went by boat. Émóht-óéha. He stirred it. nėhp-óenēō'o dam (literally, obstruct-water(.thing)). Épón-óéna. He sopped it up. Éhóone-óó'e. (The water) is springing up. Phon: vs See: -óe'ó; -óová; -óome; -'sevó. Category: liquid.

-óé₂   fai. stand. Émésėhé-óó'e. He's eating while standing. Ékoome-óó'e. He is standing still. Énéveóhtá-óó'e. He is standing on four legs. Néhove-óó'ėstse! Stand up! Énéhove-óeo'o. They stood up. Etym: *(i)ka·pawe (R). Do the following verbs end with this -óé final??

fii. stand, stick out. É-sé'továóó'e. There is smoke (or steam) ascending. É-hestatováóó'e. The smoke reaches to (there). Variant: -óó'e₁. Phon: vs See: -néé'e ‘stand’; -oe ‘sit, be (there)’.

stand, stick out. Éése-óó'e. It is stuck in. Éhóe-óó'e. It is sticking out. Category: stand.

-óe   sfx. inanimate subject acting on an animate object. Náa'ta'-oo'e. It accidentally bumped me. Category: grammar.

-óe   sfx. inverse voice. Variant: -óó'e₂. Phon: This form results from contraction of TA finals -ov or -ev with inverse morphology, i.e. -ov + -ae, or -ev+ -ae, respectively. Éhnȯhtsėst-óesesto néhe tsévéstoemose. She asked her husband. Éhéne'en-óevóho. They are known by him (obv). tsévovéstom-óó'ėstse the one who teaches me. See: -ov; -ev; -ae. Category: grammar.

-óeh   fta. stand up s.o. Náma'ėse-óého. I landed him on his stomach. Naa heováestse náohkėheše-óeha. And he used to have me in all kinds of positions. Ques: fta or vta?? vta: -óešé'tov; vai: -óešé; fai: -óé₂. Category: move, sex, vulgar, check.

-oehá   fii. be in water, water - be in. É-oēha. It is in water. vai: -oešé. See: -amoehá. Category: liquid.

-óehá   vii. land, fall, alight. É-óéha. It landed. Hénėhéóhe é-óéha. It landed there. Hestáhamenȯtse é-óéhánėstse. Seeds fell. Ho'eta é-óéha. Lightning fell. Maahe é-óéha. The arrow fell. fta: -óeh; vai: -óešé. See: -ava'ó. Category: fall.

-óehahtsé   fti. throw. Névááhe tsétaéseta'hahtsėstse he'ko véenōva tsétaévase-óehahtse? Who threw the bone back into the tepee (after it had been thrown out)? Éame-óehahtsenȯtse hestáhamenȯtse. He is throwing seeds (for example, for planting). See: -hahtsé; -óešem. Category: throw.

-óéha'ené   fai. boat, row, sail. Éam-óéhá'éne. He's rowing along. Één-óéhá'éne. He stopped boating. Éhóxov-óéhá'éne. He boated across. Énȯhtóv-óéhá'éne. He knows how to row. Category: transportation.

-óehné   fai. bear child, birth. especially of the mother but can be of either or both parents. Énés-óéhne. She has borne two children. Éno'k-óehneo'o. They have borne one child. Énóhon-óéhne. She bore five children. Éháestȯhn-óéhne. She has borne many children. Námon-óehnenȯtse. I adopted him. Lit: I-choose-birthe-him Category: family, babies.

-óehnevo'eéh   vta. treating s.o. who patiently endures that treatment. É-óehnevo'eeho. He treats him who patiently endures the treatment. Category: interpersonal.

-óehnevo'eétahe   vai. do something on purpose ?? Category: check. É-óehnevo'eétahe. He did it on purpose. Category: do, check.

oéhnov-   i. patient, faithful.

-oéhnovahe   vai. patient, humble, bothered by nothing. É-óehnovahe. He is patient. Antonym -vésetanó. See: ó'tȯsé-; -héhnovahe; -oéhnovetanó. Category: personality.

oéhnove-   pv. patiently.

-oéhnovėstáhá   vai. patient. Lit: patient-hearted É-oéhnovėstáha. He is patient-hearted. Category: personality.

-oéhnovetanó   vai. feel patient, perseverant, hold out. É-oéhnovetāno. He's feeling perseverant. Oéhnovetanoo'o! Have faith/Stay strong! See: -oéhnovahe; -ó'tȯsétanó; -toetanó; -héhnovetanó. Category: emotions.

-óehnovetanóh   vta. patient with s.o. É-óehnovetanóháá'e He is patient with him.

-oéhnovetanó'tov   vta. be patient with s.o. É-oéhnovetanó'tovóho. He is patient with him.

-oéhnovévam   vai. encourage s.o. ?? É-oéhnovévámóho. ?? He encouraged him. Ques: check pitches?? See: -heestáha'ov. Category: check.

-oéhnovoéotse   vai. patiently sit. Éše-oéhnovoéotsėstse! Take a breather/patiently sit there! Category: sit.

-oéhnovóohtá   vti. patiently overlook s.t. Éše-oéhnovóóhtȯhtse! Just overlook it (for example, all the negative things being said)!

-oéhnovotse'ohe   vai. work patiently. É-oéhnovotse'ohe. He steadily works. É-oéhnovotse'óheo'o. They work patiently/steadily/with perseverance. Some whites are viewed this way. See: -hotse'óhe; -héhnovotse'óhe. Category: work.

-óe'e'ohe   vai. chopped down. É-óe'e'ȯheo'o. (The trees) were chopped down. Non-reduplicated -é'e'ohe. Phon: redup; only used with plural subjects Category: wood.

-oe'kehe   vai. cheat, commit adultery. É-oo'kehe. He cheated/he committed adultery ?? Category: check.

-oe'kėhé'heóneve   vai. be a cheating person. É-oe'kėhé'heóneve. He is an adulterer/he is a cheater. Category: personality.

-oe'kėhé'tov   vta. cheat s.o., commit adultery on s.o. can refer to marital infidelity. Ná-oe'kėhé'tova. He cheated on me/he committed adultery on me. É-oe'kėhénoto He cheated him/her. É-oe'kėhé'tovóho He's cheating by means of her (that is, his "mistress") (RECK MNG--WHOIS OBJECT?? Category: check. É-oe'kėhé'tovȧhtseo'o They are cheating; committing adultery with each other. Névé'-nooseoe'kėhé'tovoo'o tsévéstoemósee'e! Don't commit adultery against your spouses! (lit. don't leave.out cheat; the one who is being cheated on is being abandoned/left out) (The noose-preverb especially makes it clear that the cheating is adultery.) See: -oe'kėhénot. Category: interpersonal, marriage.

-oe'kėhéno'é   vai. cheat. refers to cheating someone. É-oe'kėhénó'e. He cheated. vta: -oe'kėhénot. See: -oe'kehe.

-oe'kėhénot   vta. cheat s.o. É-oe'kėhénoto. He cheated him. É-oe'kėhénótóho. (newer pronunciation). Ná-oe'kėhénota. He cheated me. [pd102] Né-oe'kėhénotȧtse.?? I cheated you. vai: -oe'kėhéno'é. See: oe'kėhé't. Category: money, interpersonal.

-oe'kėhétanó   vai. cheat. É-oe'kėhétáno. He's cheating. Category: interpersonal.

-oe'kėhévatam   vta. suspect s.o. of cheating, suspicious of s.o. - be, leery of s.o. - be. É-oe'kėhévatamóho. He is suspicious of him. Náohke-oe'kėhévátámo. I'm leery of him. [1987:252] Móhnėševáhtome-oe'kėhévatamȯhevóhe. He was still suspicious of her. Category: cognition. vta: -átam. Category: interpersonal.

-oe'kėhévatsėstahe   vai. suspicious. for example, said of some whites who think all Indians cheat or steal. Éohke-oo'kėhévatsėstȧheo'o. They are suspicious. Category: whites.

-oe'kėhévetanó   vai. want to cheat on spouse, cheat (on spouse) - want to. É-oe'kėhévétáno. He/She wants to cheat on his/her spouse. Category: marriage, interpersonal.

-oe'kėhévo'ané   vai. speak in a tricky manner. É-oe'kėhévó'áne. He speaks tricky/connivingly. Category: speak.

-oe'kėhévo'eétahe   vai. cheat, commit adultery, deceive. É-oe'kėhévo'eétahe. He committed adultery/deceived. [1987:271] fai: -o'eétahe. Category: interpersonal.

-oe'kėhévotse'ohe   vai. cheat at work, work cheat. É-oe'kėhévotse'ohe. He cheated at his work. fai: -otse'óhe. Category: work.

-oé'koetaneva'xe   vai. stick out tongue. É-oé'koetaneva'xe. He (for example, a snake) is sticking out his tongue. BodyPartMedial -tanevá. Category: snakes.

-óe'ó   1 • fai. water - by, float. Éam-óé'o. He's/It's floating.

2 • fii. water - by, float. É-táho'kóvóé'o. It is floating on the surface. Éonóv-óé'o. He (or it) floated ashore. fii: -óéotse. See: -óová; -óome; -e'sevó; -óé₁; -amóéha'ené; -óéotse. Category: float.

-oe'tó   fai. hang from, cling to. Tsėhéóhe éšeéenéma'o'eá'kav-oe'too'o! Just hang around here (delayed imperative)! A humorous literal translation a man made from English.

fii. hang from, cling to. for example, of a berry on a bush. Éanȯh-óé'to. It (or He) is hanging down. Éháo'-oe'tónėstse menȯtse. There are lots of berries/many berries are clinging to bushes. Ma'kemenȯtse étónovoe'tónėstse. Buffalo berries were hanging thick (on the branches). vai: -hoe'tó. See: -oésená; hoéstá. Category: hang, berries.

oé'tov-   i. stumble, uncoordinated. Phon: redup ?? See: -é'tova'á. Category: check.

-oé'tovenestse   vai. stutter; stammer; stumble in speaking language. É-oé'tovenestse. He stumbled in speaking/he is "rusty". fai: -nestse. Category: speak.

-oé'tovenoné   vai. stumble in singing. É-oé'tovenoneo'o. They aren't singing together/they are not singing in coordinated fashion. Category: sing.

-oem   fta. cost; value. Éhá-oeme. He (or it) is expensive (high-cost). Ésóv-oeme. It (or he) is inexpensive. Éohkevá'nemȧhtóhtȯhen-oemēnėstse. They (for example, moccasins) cost just $10. Nánėhet-oēmo. I am related that way to him. See: -hoem. Category: money.

-oen   vta. skin s.o. É-oenóho. He skinned him. Etym: *nepeHšina:wa ‘I skinned him’; cf. U mpax:í:na. See: -e'xoen; -véhpeoeváen; -oeno'éevá; -véhpeoen. Category: animals.

-óen   vti. thresh s.t. pénȯhéó'o tsé'óenetsėse when wheat was being threshed.

-óéná   fai. pray. Éhá-óéná. He prayed, worshipped. Éomóm-óéna. He prayed weeping. Éém-óéna. He prayed secretly. Één-óéna. He stopped praying. Énėhet-óena'tovóho. He prayed that way to him. Category: pray.

-óenené   vai. thresh. É-óénéne. He is threshing. See: -o'eno'é. Category: farm.

Óenenéeše'he   na. August, Harvest Moon. See: O'enenéeše'he; Hemotséeše'he. Category: months.

óenenēō'o   ni. combine. See: óeneo'o ‘thresher’. Category: tools.

óenenestȯtse   ni. thresher, threshing machine. Category: tools.

óenēō'o   ni. thresher, threshing machine. See: óenenēō'o ‘combine’. Category: tools.

-oeno'éevá   vai. skin, dress out. that is, take hide off an animal. É-oeno'ééva. He's skinning. BodyPartMedial -o'éevá; vta: oen. See: ho'éeve. Category: check, butcher.

-óenoosané   vai. stare. meaning of 'stare' when used in the negative. Éohkėsáa'-óenoosanéheo'o. They stare. (another recording) Whites are perceived as staring at Indians. See: -o'oom; -oó'o'oom. Category: whites, sight.

-óeóe   vai. look up. Ques: recheck spelling and gloss?? Category: check, sight.

óeom-   i. mourn. É-óeomahe. He is mournful. É-óeoméné'o. He has a weepy face. É-óeometāno. He is feeling weepy. See: omóm-.

-óeomahe   vai. mournful. É-óeomahe. He is mournful. [pd 722] Category: emotions.

-óeomȧhtsená'ó   vai. have weepy quivering lips. É-óeomȧhtsená'o. Her lips are quivering as if she's about to start crying. BodyPartMedial -ahtsená. Category: cry.

-óeomȧhtsenáotse   vai. have quivering lips from sorrow. É-óeomȧhtsenáotse. Her lips are quivering as if she's about to start crying. BodyPartMedial -ahtsé. Category: cry.

-óeoméné'o   vai. have a weepy face. É-óeoméné'o. He has a weepy face. BodyPartMedial -éné. Category: cry, face.

-óeometanó   vai. be weepy; be in a crying mood; sad. for example, at the death of one's child. É-óeometāno. He is feeling weepy. See: omóme-; -ánovetanó. Category: emotions, cry.

-óeotse   fii. liquid, water. Éta'ta'-óeotse. (The river) opened up. fai: -óe'ó. Category: liquid.

oes-   i. discharge. É-oese'hāna. He spit.

-oésé   fai. hang; float. Éam-oése. He's floating by (in the air). Ého'-oése. He arrived (at that spot) hanging. Éév-oése. He hangs about. There are two ways of making Animate Instransitive 'hang' verbs plural: (1) add -o'o to a -oésená stem; or (2) spell the plural as -oésené: Éohkemano'-oésenao'o. They are hanging together. Éohkemano'-oéséne. They are hanging together. fii: -oéstá; vai: -hoése. See: -oe'tó ‘hang from’. Category: hang.

oése-   pv. into. Phon: redup Non-reduplicated ése-.

-oese   m. with quick action, on the spot. Ná-mé'eoesēsta. I told it right then and there. Éáhane-oešēše. He was killed in an accident. Éšé'še-oesemóho. He woke him up. See: -oest.

óeséhéóvo   p. inopportune, ill-timed, right then when it could have been some other time. epistemic particle of exclamation. Óeséhéóvo námomáhpe'háeneotse. Right at the time (of sighting down the barrel of the gun at the deer) my(sighting) eye watered! (told to illustrate how deer have special powers; they can even cause hunters' eyes to water). This particle has also been used to exclaim about someone who walked on a newly mopped floor that was still wet; for example, "you could have walked on this floor at any other time, but as it happened you walked across it at precisely this time when I just mopped it!" It can also be used to refer to something which you are doing but do not need to do because someone else had already done it and beat you to it. See: vétséno.

-oese'haná   vai. spit. É-oese'hāna. He spit. Etym: cf. M pake:cesae:hkow. See: -e'haná; -énotóhta. Category: body function, mouth.

-oese'hanóhtá   vti. spit on s.t. É-oese'hanóhta. He spit on it. Oese'hanóhtȯhtse! Spit on this! vta: -oese'hanót. See: -énotóhtá. Category: mouth.

-oese'hanót   vta. spit on s.o. É-oese'hanoto. He spit on him. É-oese'hanótóho. He spit on him. (newer pronunciation). vti: -oese'hanóhtá. Category: mouth.

-oeseméená   vai. molt. É-oesemééna. He molted. É-oeseméenao'o. They molted. Lit: discharge-feathers Ques: what about snakes? Medial -méená. Category: birds.

-oesenȧho'he   vai. very hot; feverish. É-oesenȧho'he. He is very hot / has a fever. Category: sickness, temperature.

oésena'éva'ohtȯtse   na. vest. Lit: put.into-arms-thing Plural oésena'éva'ȯhtoto. Phon: redup BodyPartMedial -na'évá. See: oo'ena'eveéstse'he. Category: clothing.

-oesepáené   vai. empty ashes, take out ashes. Lit: discharge-ashes É-oesepáéne. He took the ashes out/he emptied the ashes. É-oesepáéne He took the ashes out/he emptied the ashes. See: né'tȯheoenévetoo'o ‘ashtray’. Category: housework.

-oesevéh   vta. name s.o. that is, give a name to someone, often during a name-giving ceremony. É-oeseveho. He named him. É-oesevéhóho. (newer pronunciation). Évaveto nátȧsáa'évataehéne'enóhe tséxhe'éahéto nėhe'xóvévatsé'-oesevéhanéto. I don't know back then exactly at what age I was when I had a name ceremony. (1987:114). See: -no'evéhe'tov ‘named for s.o.’.

-oesevéoná   vai. jealous of husband. over another woman. É-oesevéona. She's jealous of her husband over another woman. Feminine -nóvá; Variant: -eosevéoná. Ques: which variant is best?? See: -ésevéoná. Category: interpersonal, marriage, check.

-oest   i. instantly, rapidly, quickly. Náhe'kėhe'oná-oestōhno. I pricked his hand (instantly). Éó'e-oesta'xe éstse'he. The shirt is drying (rapidly flapping?? Nėhē'še éxȯhtoohketomȯhtánánóvo vee'eé'ȯhkeévaávoe-oesta'hatse. Then they tried to put up the tepee, it would blow back down. [1987:30] Eáá Éhoháe-oestȯhéhoo'o! My! She really got hit bad! [Croft 1988:30:17] Ého'-oesta'xe. He dashed up (to there). Náhomó'-oestose. I'm really getting cold. (more "emphatic" than náhomóhtose). See: oese-; sé'hove-; sé'ea'e; -otse. Category: time.

-oestá₁   fai. wear a dress. É-ma'oēsta. She's wearing a red dress. She has on a torn dress. É-neó'kóésta. She has on a tight fitting dress. Éka'-oēsta. She has on a short dress. Éé'om-oēsta. She has on a greasy dress. Épėhév-oēsta. She has on a nice dress. IndepNoun hoestȯtse. See: -he-voestove. Category: dress, clothing.

-oéstá₂   fii. hang. É-hehpoésta. It is hanging beyond. for example, it's past noon. Tóne'še ého'-oésta? What time is it? (lit. When has it arrived hanging?) vai: -hoéstá₂ ‘hang’. Category: hang.

-oestoh(n)   fta. instantly do to s.o. by tool. Éáhane-oestȯhnóho. He knocked him dead. Émȧhe-oestȯhnóho. He struck them all out, or He took all the money of the other players in a card game. This actually consists of two finals, -oest 'instantly' and -oh(n) 'by tool'. See: -oest; -oh(n). Category: do.

-oestȯhtóoneh   vta. sacrifice s.o. É-oestȯhtóonėhóho. He sacrificed him. vai: -oestóné. See: -oestóne'tov. Category: ceremonial.

óestome   na. chicken hawk. Variant: hoestome; Plural óestómėheo'o; Obviative óestómeho. Category: birds.

-oéstomó'he   fai. character, personality. Épėhév-oéstomo'he. He has a nice personality. Épėhév-oéstomó'hehe? Does he have a nice personality? Énétȧhév-oéstomo'he. He is different/he has a different kind of personality. Category: personality.

-oestomósané   vai. offer, sacrifice. as a priest. É-oestomósáne. He is offering (as a priest). Category: sacred, check.

-oestóné   vai. make an offering. This kind of traditional offering involves use of prayer cloths, typically placed on bushes or similar objects. É-oestóne. He is making a prayer cloth offering. Móhóse-oestónėhevóhe háne taa'éva. They made an offering again the other night. [1987:112] See: -oéstóné ‘count’; oestóono; -ma'heónėstóné; -tšėhešėtóné; -estsénené. vta: -oestóne'tov. Category: ceremonial.

-oéstóné   fai. read, count. Épėhév-óéstóne. He reads well. Éam-oéstóne. He's continuing to read. Émá't-óéstóne. He graduated. Émȧhov-oéstóne. He's tired of reading. Énóv-óéstóne. He's reading slowly. Évóon-oéstóne. He studied all night. vai: -hoéstóné. See: -oestóné ‘make an offering’; -ȯxe'ėstóné ‘write’. Category: school.

Oestóné'e   na. Sacrifice Woman. Category: names.

-oestóne'tov   vta. offer s.o., offer s.o. as an offering, sacrifice s.o. É-oestóne'tovóho. He sacrificed him. See: -oestȯhtóoneh. Category: ceremonial.

oestónestȯtse   na. offering piece, sacrifice piece. for example, cloth or food. Mótȧhésenó'otsėhóhetsenotóhe oestónėstoto É'ėxováhtóva. She went after some more sacrifices (material) in Billings. [1987:110] Plural oestónėstoto; Obviative oestónėstoto. See: oestóono. Category: sacred.

oestoo'o   na. prayer cloth. Plural oestóono. Category: ceremonial.

oestóonéome   ni. offering place. Lit: offering-lodge Category: ceremonial.

oestóonévėstoo'o   ni. altar. Lit: fixed like a prayer cloth Oblique oestóonévėstóonéhéva, perhaps also oestóonévėstóva. Phon: vs Category: sacred.

-óestóonévoem   vta. regard s.o. as a sacrifice. É'-óestóonévoeme Vo'ėstanévėstómanéhe. The Savior (Jesus) was regarded as a sacrifice.

oestóono   na. Gram: pl sacred cloths, prayer cloths. These ceremonial pieces of cloth can be anchored on the ground by four rocks. Or they can be placed on trees. There has to be at least four of them. They are a kind of offering to symbolize a prayer request. They come across as something like appeasement to the gods. At a gravesite the following four colors of prayer flags were observed: white, black, green, and red. vai: -oestóné; Singular oestoo'o. See: oestóonȯtse; hoohēō'o ‘flag’. Category: ceremonial.

oestóonȯtse   ni. Gram: pl sacrifices. The animacy of the object sacrificed determines whether the spelling oestóono (animate) or oestóonȯtse (inanimate) is used. Singular oestoo'o. See: oestóono. Category: ceremonial.

-oestosé   vai. be shawl less. É-oestōse. She doesn't have a shawl on. See: -oestȯséohtsé. Category: dress.

-oestovan   vti. double s.t. É-oestovāna. He doubled it/he 'put up a storm window'.

vta. double s.t./s.o. ?? Category: check.

-óešé   vai. alight, land. É-óéše. He (especially a bird) landed. É-óešēne. They landed. Éne'-óéše. He landed (for instance, at the airport, coming home, toward the speaker). A'e nenóveto énėxho'e-óešenasėstse néhe ma'xevé'késo. In a little while that big bird arrived and landed. [VISION.TXT] vta: -óešé'tov; fta: -óeh; vii: -óehá. See: -oeše ‘be in water’. Category: motion.

-oešé   vai. be in water, water - be in. É-oēše. He is in water. Ques: lit., lie in water?? Category: check. vii: -oehá. See: -óová; -óome; -óešé. Etym: *akwinčinwa. Category: liquid.

óeše-   pv. already. Kȧsovááhe, tsé'ȯhkeévėhešeto éme'óešėhetómeto, néme'évavóho'oeše. Young man, all the things you've said to me are just so much B.S., you might just throw me away. (a song recorded by Grinnell). Non-reduplicated éše-.

oéšeēva   obl. daily. Phon: redup Non-reduplicated éšeēva; Antonym totáa'ēva. See: nėhestoha éšeēva ‘each day’. Category: time.

-óešé'tov   fta. alight on s.o., land on s.o. É-óešé'tovóho. It (animate) landed on him. Nėstáxe-óešé'tova ma'xevé'késo. A big bird will land on you. [VISION.TXT] fai: -óeše. See: -óešem; -táxeóešé'tov; -óeh. Category: birds.

-óešem   vta. throw .o. with landing; throw down s.o. É-óešemóho. He threw him down and he landed. vii: -oehá. See: -oéšem; -éseóešem; -óehahtsé; -anȧha'ham. Category: throw.

-oéšem   vta. disparage s.o., speak negatively about s.o. difficult to translate; not as intense as -oo'hem. É-oéšemóho. He disparaged him. See: -óešem; -oo'hem; -oóoxȯhevoo'e. Category: speak.

-oešeme   vii. spill, shed ?? Category: check. for example, of blood?? Category: check. É-oešeme. It (or He?) was spilled.

-oéšenot   vta. convince; coax s.o. É-oéšenotóho. He convinced him. See: -éšenot; -éšenȯxévaen; -vonȯhósem. Category: speak, influence.

-óešeoesem   vta. tell off s.o. É-óešeoesemóho. He told him off. See: -vé'hoét. Category: speak.

-óešévaen   fta. place s.o. quickly. Nátomȯse-óéšéváéno. I stood him up. Category: put.

-oešéve'éxané   vai. have trachoma, pink eye, sore eyes. É-oešéve'éxáne. He has sore eyes/trachoma/pink eye. Variant: -oeškéve'éxané. Category: eyes.

oeškēse   na. dog. Morph: /oehkeséh/. Variant: oeškēso; Diminutive oeškėséhéso; Simplified Spelling oishkis; Plural oeškėseho; Obviative oeškėseho. See: hótame. Category: animals.

Oeškėséhá'e   na. Dog Woman. Category: names.

-oeškėséhéméá'ha   vii. smell of dog. É-oeškėséhéméá'ha. It smells of dog. Category: smell. See: -méa'há.

oeškėséhéso   na. Gram: dim puppy, doggie, little dog. (another recording) Plural oeškėséhesono; Obviative oeškėséhesono; Non-diminutive oeškēse; Synonym hotamēso. See: kééso. Category: dogs.

-oeškėséhevatam   vta. regard s.o. as a dog. a strong putdown. É-oeškėséhevatamóho. He regards him as a dog. Category: interpersonal.

-oeškėséheve   vai. be a dog. can be used as a figurative expression about someone who is treated badly. É-oeškėséheve. He is a dog. Ésáa'-oeškėséhévéhe. He's not a dog. Category: animals.

-oeškėséhevoem   vta. regard s.o. as being like a dog. a severe putdown. Category: new. É-oeškėséhevoemóho. He regards him as being like a dog (a real putdown). Né-oeškėséhevoemȧtse! You dog!

oeškēso   na. dog. (another recording) Plural oeškėseho; Obviative oeškėseho. AltPl=oeškėsono (also var. obv.; less common for pl. and obv. than oeškėseho) newer term than hótame. dog is used in the Sun Dance ceremony. na-oeškėséhame my dog. Oeškēso mȧxhéxaēsto nevénótse he'poo'o! When a dog urinates against your tent just smoke! That was an instruction to a new chief, meaning "When someone does something bad to you, even as bad as stealing your wife, stay calm.") Variant: oeškēse. See: hótame; xamaeoeškēso. Category: dogs, animals.

-oeškéve'éxané   vai. have trachoma, pink eye, sore eyes. É-oeškéve'éxáne. He has trachoma. Variant: -oešéve'éxané. See: -oeve'éxané. Category: eyes, sickness.

-oeškévematséné   vai. have scabby eyes. É-oeškévematséne. He has scabby eyes. BodyPartMedial -éné. See: -oeve'éxané. Category: eyes, sickness.

-oéškȯseesévo'kėhaná   vai. wear pointed shoes. É-oéškȯseesévo'kėhāna He has on pointed shoes. Category: shoes.

-oéškȯse'está   vai. pointed ears. É-oéškȯse'ēsta. He has pointed ears. Phon: redup See: -éškosó. Category: ears.

-oéškȯseoxa'ohe   vai. have a beaded tepee design. É-oéškȯseoxa'ȯhénėstse They are beaded with a tepee design. some Cheyenne men's moccasin designs are tepee, deer, bird including eagle. Category: designs. Ques: women's designs?

-oéškȯsȯhtȧhéné   vai. make a pointed design. É-oéškȯsȯhtȧhéne. He's making a pointed design. Category: designs.

-óeta'xá   vti. slit s.t. É-óetā'xa He slit it. For example, he slit something with a knife. Category: cut.

-óeta'xaéné   vai. have slit eyes. especially of an Oriental person. É-óeta'xaéne He has slit eyes. for example, of an Oriental person) ?? Category: check.

Óeta'xaénéhe   na. Japanese person. See: Tótšėške'ėhaénéhe; Tovó'kėhaénéhe. Category: nationalities.

-óetsetanó   vai. worry. É-óétsétáno. He is worried. Ná-óétsétáno. I'm worried. Névé'e-óétsétáno! Don't worry! Névé'e-óetsetanóme! Don't worry! (said to a group). Ȯht-óetsetanótonȯhtse náohkevé'šėhéhnovetanonȯtse Ma'hēō'o. Whenever I am troubled, God encourages me. Hēā'e névé'vóone-óetsetanóme! Maybe don't worry all night! (recheck?? tsé'-óetsetānȯhtse when he was worried. Reduplicated oóétsetanó. See: -ánovetanó. Category: emotions, check.

-óetsetanóh   vta. pester s.o., bother s.o. É-óetsetanóhóho. He pestered him. É-óetsetanóháá'e hestónaho. His daughter begged him. See: -mé'emo'eéh. Category: interpersonal.

óetsetanohtȯtse   ni. worry, anxiety. See: sénovetanohtȯtse ‘depression’. Category: emotions.

-óetsetanóm   vta. pester s.o. by speaking. for example, when a child keeps begging for something over and over. É-óetsetanómóho. He pestered him by speaking. Category: speak.

-óetsetanón   vta. worry s.o. Ésáahéne'enóhénóvo tséohkėheše-óetsetanónaétse. They don't know how they worry us. [How God Helped Me Forgive.102] See: -óetsetanóh.

-óetsetanónaa'e   vai. sit worried; worry sitting. Naa nátama'xeameóetsetanónaa'e. And I went along worried as I sat. [How God Helped Me Forgive.66.]

-óetsetanóna'ov   vta. bother s.o., trouble s.o. hová'éhe éohke-óetsetanóna'oo'e something bothers him. [1980:80:14]

óetsetanónave-   pv. anxiously, worriedly, troubled. Névé'e-óetsetanónavevo'ėstanéhévéme Don't (pl) live anxiously!

-óetsetanónave-éestse   vai. complain, speak in a troubled fashion. É-óetsetanónaveééstse. He complained/he spoke in a troubled fashion. See: -éestse. Category: speak.

-óetsetanónavéné   vai. anxious face - have an. É-óetsetanónávéne. He has an anxious face. Category: face, emotions.

óetsetanónavo'omenėhestȯtse   ni. agony, trouble.

-óetsetanóotse   vai. worried.become. Ná-óetsetanóotse. I became worried. fai: -otse. Category: emotions.

-óetsetanóotsé'tov   vta. disappointed in s.o., anxious about s.o. Náma'xe-óetsetanóotsé'tóvo. I'm disappointed in him. Category: emotions, interpersonal.

-óetsetanóso'hé   vai. pester, annoy. É-óetsetanósó'he. He pestered. Category: interpersonal.

-óetsetanov   vta. bother s.o., trouble s.o. É-óetsetanovóho ?[ He bothered him/he troubled him. See: -óetsetanóna'ov; -mé'emo'éeh. Category: interpersonal.

oév-   i. scabby. from scabies, English spelling "scabby" commonly used on the reservation.

-oévahtsé   vai. have scabby lips. É-oéváhtse. He has sore/scabby lips. Category: mouth.

-oeve   vai. have mange, have scabies. É-oeve. He has scabies/he has mange. See: -oo'kahe. Category: dogs, sickness.

oéve-   pv. scabby. colloquially, the English adjective referring to having scabies is spelled "scabby" among Cheyennes, for example, Birney people are referred to as Scabby People. Oévemanȧhéno Birney (lit. scabby-place). oévėhótame scabby dog.

-oévėhe'oná   vai. have scabby hands. É-oévėhe'ōna. He has scabby hands. Category: sickness.

oévėheséeo'ȯtse   ni. scabby medicine. See: heséeo'ȯtse ‘medicine’. Category: plants.

-oéve'éxané   vai. have scabby eyes. É-oéve'éxáne. He has scabby eyes. See: -oeškéve'éxané. Category: eyes, sickness.

Oévemana   na. Scabby, Birney person. Plural Oévemanaho ‘Scabbies, Birney persons’. See: Oévéta. Category: names, bands.

Oévemanȧhéno   ni. Birney, Montana. Lit: scabby-band-place (another recording) Oévemanȧhéno náhéstahe. I'm from Birney. See: Tséh-ma'ėho'a'ē'ta. Category: places.

Oévemanaho   na. Gram: pl Birney people, Scabby Band. Category: district.

Oévemó'ėsá'e   na. Scabby Calf. a nickname for one of several men named Mó'ėsá'e. Category: names.

Oévenáhkȯhá'e   na. Scabby Bear Woman. Category: names.

-oévéné   vai. scabby face - have a. É-oévéne. He has a scabby face. Category: sickness.

-oéveóhtá   vai. scabby leg(s) - have. É-oéveóhta. His leg(s) is scabby. BodyPartMedial -óhtá. Category: sickness.

-oéveotse   vai. mangy, have mange, become scabby. "scabby" is a colloquialism for the disease of scabies; it does not refer to having scabs. É-oéveotse. He has mange. See: -óoveotse. Category: dogs, sickness.

Oévéta   na. Scabby. See: Oévemana. Category: names.

oévetoo'o   ni. galvanized bucket. Plural oévetóonȯtse. Category: containers.

-óexanené    Category: check.

vai. prepare; get ready. Phon: redup Ques: oéx ?? only used with plural subjects. Nėhē'še é'osáanėxae-óexanenéhoono néhe hetaneo'o. then those men got ready. Non-reduplicated -éxanené. Category: check.

-oh₁   fti. by tool. Nápo'-ōha. I broke it off (with some tool). fta: -oh(n). Etym: *-ah.

ȯh-₁   pfx. whenever, iterative (conjunct prefix). Phon: allomorphs oht- when vowel follows; other allomorphs: ȯx-, ȯs-, etc. Many proper name participles take this prefix, such as: Ȯh-nėševaestse Swift. Ȯht-ame'háooestse Flying. Ȯssȯsóa'xėstse Plunging Into the Enemy. Ȯx-hóotóó'ȯhtse Looks Behind. Ȯhméhoestse Beloved (translation of Biblical name David). éhéne'ēna (ȯh)to'sėhoo'kȯhoo'ėstse He knows whenever it's going to rain. ȯx-ho'sóestovetsee'ėstse whenever there is dancing. ȯs-sáamésėhéstovėhanéhetsee'ėstse whenever there is not eating. Móstaohkenéehevóhe ȯh-taónėšeotsétsesėstse heške. They would stop when(ever) her mother would have a contraction. (1987:26). Naa ȯh-tséveévo'sóetonȯhtse ho'e éohkeó'xoma'eotse. And whenever I used to play the earth would crack open. [1987:257] éohkėsáa'évėhéne'enóhehane tséévėhešévėstove heómaa'e ȯh-ta-vé'hestanee'ėstse you don't know what you are doing, too much if you take it (drink). [1987:56] Šéstótó'ke éohkeéenéméne ȯh-tséešé'šenasėstse ȯhvóona'ótsee'ėstse. Pine used to sing when he awakened in the morning. [1987:181] ȯh-vóoma'esėstse whenever he saw me. Sometimes the "o" of this prefix is omitted: x-hotse'óhevosėstse when they are working. Sometimes the ȯh- prefix is omitted: némenesėtstse when(ever) he sings. See: hó'-. Category: grammar.

oh-   pv. independent conjunct preverb. We have been unable to determine the meaning of this block precisely but it seems to give a conjunct verb a more "independent" status, similar to how independent order verbs are usually used.?? Ques: is this analogous to the changed conjunct in other Algonquian languages?? Tsé-ohne'ameōhtsėse hetane. A man was approaching. [The Snakebite.006] Náhtȧhéve'hoeotsé'ta (mȧhēō'o) tsé-ohvéhpene'hō'ta. I went (down) to look at (the cabin), it was vacant. [1987:30] Tsé-ohne'ameohtsėse hetane. A man was approaching. [The Snakebite.006] Naa nėhē'še éstanėšėhováneehéhoo'o áa'e tséoxhe'sotse. And then he was gone for a year, that's how long. Usage: obsolescing (cf. 1987:34:fn. 21) Category: grammar, check.

oh-   pv. even though. Phon: allomorph ox- before /h/ tsé-ohpėhéva'e násáaho'ȧhéhe I don't want this even though it is good. tsé-oxhešepėhéva'e násáaho'ȧhéhe I don't want this even though it is good. tseta-oxhevésėhóeotsėhaeheho nótȧxévé'hó'e (BELONG HERE?? the soldiers might take her out (1987:57). Category: check. Násaáapėhévėhéne'enóhe tsėhésenėstsestȯtsená-ohkánometsėhésenestse I don't know well the Cheyenne language, even though I talk Cheyenne(1987:237). See: kánome-; váhtome-.

-óh   sfx. passive suffix for TA verb stems ending in -ov or -ev with unspecified subjects and third person semantic objects. Évovéstom-óheo'o. They were taught. Ého'eohé't-ohe. He was come to quickly. See: -ov ‘-ev’; -ané; -e; -óné.

oh-   pv. unsuccessfully; try and fail; frustratedly. Phon: allomorph ox- before /h/ Phon: oht- before a vowel Phon: xȯh- with past tense often combines with following to'se-, for meaning of 'was going to(but was unsuccessful at)'. É-ohto'seó'ȯhtó'áne. He almost said the wrong thing. É-ohnėhesétamóho. He thought it was him (but it wasn't). Ná-ohtaonésetó'hévámo. I almost stopped him (by speech). That is, I was unsuccessful at trying to stop him. É-ohto'senéméne. He was going to sing (but it didn't work out). Ná-oxhoonēto. I unsuccessfully warned him/I tried (but failed) to warn him. Ná-ohtšėhešėhoonēto. I unsuccessfully warned him. Éx-ȯhtanėhevoōne. They tried to say the same thing. [1987:30] É-ohtamenovetóho néhe hetanevo'óho He tried to have a contest with that Arapaho. [1987:149] Nėhe'xóvéva é-ohtséšeto'ėstó'ėhó'tȧhnovo. At that time they almost beat him. [1987:150] Móx-ȯhtoohkema'xeémȯhónėhevóhe. They would hunt and hunt (unsuccessfully). [1987:261] See: hótse- ‘fail to’; onése- ‘try to’.

oha   p. but, only, except. Variant: óvahe₄. Usage: Some people may pronounce it this way; currently óvahe is the most common pronunciation. Often occurs in this sequence: naa oha. Oha tatsėhe'ōhtsėstse hohtóvamȧheóne! You MUST go to the store! Oha nátsėhésenėstsétáno. I want to speak only Cheyenne. oha nā'ėstse only one. Naa hétsetseha oha no'ka nátaévȧho'eōhtse. And now I've only been there once. [1987:17] Étaévȧhéne'enovóho tséohkėhestóhetsėse naa ohaéohkenésta'oméévó'áne. She remembered what they were called but she was pronouncing the old language. Phon: contracts to oa in typical speaking speed; the "w" sound which automatically occurs between Cheyenne "o" and "a" leads to a pronunciation of óvahe by many speakers See: mé'tó'e; ónétáhtse; nėše-.

-oháahpeta   vai. very huge - be. É-oháahpeta. He is very huge. non-contract: -hoháahpeta. Category: size.

-ohāā'e   vai. arise, get up, stand up. for example, to move from a sitting to a standing position. É-ohāā'e. He arose/got up. É-ohaeo'o. They got up. Ohāā'ėstse! Get up! Ohāā'e! Get up (said to more than one person)! Morph: /-ohaé/. used with preverb éva- for 'arise (as in Christ's resurrection)' in missionized Cheyenne; more natural Cheyenne would be -éva-ametanéné 'live again'. Phon: vs vii: -ohaé'tá. See: -ohaéta'ó; -néhoveóó'e; -to'é; -to'éotse. Etym: *pasekwiiwa. Category: stand.

oháe-   pv. very much. É-oháetšėške'emenoo'e. It's really too small. [Floating Eyes:075] Non-contracted hoháe-. See: hoháe-. Category: degree.

-ohaé'tá   vii. rise, erect - become, rise, erect - become. Ques: vti can refer to a penis becoming erect. Éxaehe'kease-ohaé'ta. It (penis) slowly started to become erect. ?? Ques: both vii and vti?? Category: check, sex.

-ohaé'ta'ó   vai. get.up.jerk. Móstó'nėšėhóe-ohaé'ta'ȯhéhe. He got up and came out quickly. [Growing Up on Muddy Creek.064]

Ohaéma'heóneeše   Easter. Lit: arise-sacred-day Usage: not commonly used Category: holidays.

-ohaéšeotse   vai. spring up, jump up. É-ohaéšeotse. He sprang/jumped up. See: -ohaa'e. Category: motion.

-ohaéška'a'xe   vai. jump up. É-ohaéška'a'xe. He jumped up. Usage: natural, or maybe loan transl. from Engl.?? Category: check.

-ohaéta'ó   vai. arise fast, get up fast. É-oháétá'o. (pitches ?? He got up fast. Naa néhe móstó'nėšėhóe-ohaéta'ȯhéhe néhe tséstaonénėxȯhemoese. So this (lawyer) got up and left as soon as he was paid by him. [1987:183] See: -ohāā'e. Category: motion, check.

-ohaétan   vta. cause s.o. to arise; raise s.o. (that is, cause s.o. to arise). É-ohaétanóho. He raised him up. Ma'hēō'o náéva-ohaétana. God raised me up (for example, when I was discouraged, fallen, or backslidden). See: -he'aman. Category: move.

-óha'ó   1 • vii. swollen. É-óhá'o. It's swollen. Ésáa'óha'óhane navee'ėse. My tooth is not infected.

2 • vai. swollen. Éóhá'o namo'ēško. My finger (an.) is infected. Éhmaxe-óhá'o. He was really swollen (from dropsy). [1987:195] Synonym -póha'ó. Category: texture.

ohas-   i. shine.

-ohasé   vii. on fire, burn. É-ohāse. It is on fire. fii: -asé₁. See: ohasé'še; ohaséhené; éxo'asé. Category: fire.

óháse   p. also. Óháse nátaohkeéemé'étáno tséohkeméhae'éeheese naa máto tséohkeméhae'éehešévėse. I remember the things he used to say and also what he used to do. [How God Helped Me Forgive] Variant: áháse, áháso. See: māto; naa; aose.

-ohaséhené   vai. polish. É-ohaséhéne. He's polishing. Category: housework.

-ohasé'há   vii. shine, sparkle. É-ohasé'ha. It is shining. vti: -ohasé'hahtsé, -ohasé'ó; vai: -ohase'še. See: -ohasévoome; -ohasé; -vó'ho'kȧse'še. Category: light.

-ohasé'hahtsé   vti. shine s.t. É-ohasé'háhtse. He is shining it. vii: -ohasé'há.

-ohasé'ó   vai. sparkle, shine. É-ohasé'o. He is sparkling. vii: -ohasé'há.

-ohase'še   vai. sparkle, shine, shimmer, glitter. for example, of snow or the sun. Variant: -ohaše'še. É-ohase'še. He is sparkling. (for example, with a shiny coat). É-ohase'še héstā'se. The snow is sparkling. See: -vó'ho'kȧše'še; -vó'ho'kȧse'há. Category: weather.

-ohasén   vti. shine s.t./s.o., polish s.t./s.o. É-ohaséna. He shined/polished it. See: -ohasé'hahtsé. Category: surface.

-ohaséotse   vii. catch on fire. É-ohaséotse. It/He caught on fire.

vai. catch on fire. See: -asėto'ȧséotse; -éxo'ȧséotse. Category: fire.

ohasév-   i. shine, sparkle. É-ohaséveata. He has a sheen (for example, silk cloth). É-ohasévéne. He has a shiny face. É-ohasévenóno'e. It looks shiny. Category: appearance.

-ohasévahe   vai. shiny, sparkly, glimmering. É-ohasévahe. He's shiny. Category: appearance.

-ohasévea'e   vii. have a sheen, shine. É-ohasévea'e. It has a sheen. Category: texture.

-ohasévea'e   vii. have a sheen, shine. É-ohasévea'e. It has a sheen. fii: -ea'e. Category: texture.

-ohaséveata   vai. have a sheen; shine. É-ohaséveata. He has a sheen. for example, of silk cloth (animate). fai: -eata. Category: texture.

-ohaséve'óhtané   vai. shiny forehead. É-ohaséve'óhtáne. He has a shiny forehead. Category: body.

-ohasévéné   vai. shiny face. É-ohasévéne. He has a shiny face. Category: face.

-ohasévenóno'e   vii. look shiny, shiny look. É-ohasévenóno'e. It looks shiny. fii: -nóno'e. Category: appearance.

-ohasévenóohe   vai. shine in appearance. É-ohasévenóohe. He has a shiny face (or appearance).

-ohaséveotse   vii. turn shiny. É-ohaséveotse. It/He turned shiny. for example, of a ring that is cleaned.

-ohasévėsané   vai. dress in shiny clothes. É-ohasévėsáne. He is dressed in shiny clothes. fai: -sané₂. Category: dress.

ohasévetohko   ni. shiny pot, stainless steel pot. See: hetohko. Category: containers.

ohasévoestáto   ni. (silver) concho belt. Lit: shiny-belt Plural ohasévoestátónėstse. See: hoestáto. Category: dance.

-ohasévoome   vii. be clear water, be clear liquid. É-ohasévoome. It is clear liquid. Final -óome. See: -toóome; -ohasé'há; -hóxe'óome. Category: liquid.

-ohasévoomehá   vii. sparkling water - be. É-ohasévoomēha. The water is sparkling. Initial ohasév-; Medial -óome. Category: liquid.

-ohaše'še   vai. sparkle, shine, shimmer. for example, of snow or the sun. É-ohaše'še. He is sparkling. É-ohašé'šeo'o. They are sparkling. Variant: ohasé'še; vii: ohasé'há. Category: light.

óhatoo'ėse   p. that's it. difficult to translate; can have the idea of "You found out; I told you it would be that way!" Naa nánėševá'nemétaa'e óhatoo'ėse. And he just gave it to me, that's it. (1987:167). Variant: áhatoo'ėse. See: oha.

-ohe   fai. go hurriedly, move hurriedly. Ques: same morpheme as -ohe 'hurriedly'?? Éamemé-ohe. He ran. Náto'senėhešéve-ohe. I'm going to do it with urgency/hurriedly (cf. -hešévé). Éase-ohe. He ran away. ?? Ého'e-ohe. He arrived. can be suffixed to a full verb, changing the viewpoint of the verb, especially of its motion, perhaps slowing (??) the action of the verb, for example. Éxho'a'hasó'he-ohe. He rode up on horseback. Etym: *(i)paho (R). See: -ohtsé; -ehné; -a'xe; -o'ȧhéotse. Category: check.

-óheotse   vii. swell. É-óheotse. He (or It) swelled.

ohke-   pv. habitually, regularly. Often translated as 'always' but mé'ėstse is the most accurate way to say 'always' in Cheyenne. ohke- communicates habitual aspect. Ohke-pėhévemé'éstȯhtse! Try to tell it right! Ohke-tsėhésenestsėstse! Regularly talk Cheyenne! Ná-ohkemésėhétáno. I like to eat. É-ohkėhomōse. She is a cook. É-ohkėsáanéhnėhetaméhe. He never gives up. É-ohkėsáamȧhovotse'óhéhe. He never gets tired of work. É-ohkėho'ahe. He likes it (lit. regularly wants it). Ná-ohkepėhévetāno tsėhésenėstsévosėstse ka'ėškóneho. I feel good when I hear children speaking Cheyenne. Reduplicated óohke-; Variant: ohtše-. See: hetóse-; mé'ėstse.

-óhkėha'e   fni. cap. asėsé-ohkėha'e stocking cap ?? a'kóhkėha'e cap (short-hat) ?? IndepNoun hóhkėha'e. Category: clothing.

Ȯhméhoestse   na. Loved, David. This is the word Petter used to translate the name of David in the Bible. Category: names.

Ȯhméseestse   vai. Ques: ppl Northern Cheyenne person. Lit: eater The word-initial oh- is a conjunct prefix; it is commonly used on proper names and on other conjunct verbs referring to action which takes place habitually; when the prefix is used on conjunct participles, the participle acts much like a regular noun; note that some of the following entries, for example, ȯhmésėhé'késo 'young Northern Cheyenne girl', even inflect like nouns (in this case, taking the noun diminutive suffix /-só/), not as the usual conjunct participles, which take conjunct (of the participle subclass) inflection. see discussion under -méseestse. Variant: Notaméohméseestse; Plural Ȯhmésėhese. Some popular spellings for the pl. have been Ohmeses or Ohmisis or some may even prefer to underdifferentiate the first syllable and spell the word as Moises. Each of these spellings does not allow one to tell that the first /s/ of the word is aspirated (because the root for 'eat' actually contains three phonemic syllables, -mésehe), but the popular spellings are acceptable for most non-technical writing and have the advantage of being easier to typeset and easier for the person who is not well-versed in the modern linguistic means of expressing aspirated ("complex") syllables of Cheyenne, an important part of the sound system of the language, but a feature which is so different from English literacy which most readers of Cheyenne are more familiar with. A common folk etymology given is that this historical Cheyenne band was called "Eaters" because they had plenty to eat, especially of buffalo. It may be that this etymology arose especially after half of the Cheyenne people took up residence in Oklahoma and they looked upon Cheyennes to the north as having access to the buffalo, which they, in the south, did not have. See: Ȯhmésėhéno; -mésehe ‘eat’. AltPl=Notaméohmésėhese Category: tribes.

Ȯh-méseestse   vai. Gram: ppl 1 • Northern Cheyenne person. Lit: eater can be a proper name for a person (1987:170) as well as a tribal label; the plural of this term, often with the addition of the preverb for 'north', Notaméohmésėhese, is the term used when a distinction is desired to refer to those Cheyennes who preferred the northern part of the Plains area where the Cheyenne bands roamed; the group usually contrasted when such a distinction is made are the Heévȧhetaneo'o, which is now used for Cheyennes who live in Oklahoma. Ȯhméseestse is used mostly by Cheyennes in Oklahoma for Cheyennes in Montana. Cheyenne in Montana, as well as those in Oklahoma, prefer to simply refer to themselves as Tsétsėhéstȧhese (Tsitsistas). AltPl=Notaméohmésėhese Plural Ȯhmésėhese. See: Heévȧhetane ‘Southern Cheyenne’; Tsétsėhestaestse ‘Cheyenne person’; -tsėhéstahe ‘be a Cheyenne’. Category: tribes.

2 • Eater. Category: names.

Ȯhméseestse   Gram: ppl vai. 1 • Northern Cheyenne person. Lit: eater can be a proper name for a person (1987:170) as well as a tribal label; the plural of this term, often with the addition of the preverb for 'north', Notaméohmésėhese, is the term used when a distinction is desired to refer to those Cheyennes who preferred the northern part of the Plains area where the Cheyenne bands roamed; the group usually contrasted when such a distinction is made are the Heévȧhetaneo'o, which is now used for Cheyennes who live in Oklahoma. Ȯhméseestse is used mostly by Cheyennes in Oklahoma for Cheyennes in Montana. Cheyenne in Montana, as well as those in Oklahoma, prefer to simply refer to themselves as Tsétsėhéstȧhese (Tsitsistas). AltPl=Notaméohmésėhese Plural Ȯhmésėhese. See: Heévȧhetane; Tsétsėhéstaestse; tsėhéstahe.

2 • Eater. Category: tribes, names, bands.

Ȯh-mésėhé'e   na. 1 • Northern Cheyenne woman. Variant: Mésėhé'e.

2 • Northern Cheyenne Woman. both a common and proper name. Category: tribes, names.

Ȯh-mésėhé'e   na. 1 • Northern Cheyenne woman. Variant: Mésėhé'e. Category: tribes.

2 • Northern Cheyenne Woman. Category: names. both a common and proper name.

ȯhmésėhé'késo   na. Gram: dim young Northern Cheyenne girl. Plural ȯhmésėhé'kėsono. Category: tribes.

Ȯh-mésėhéno   ni. Northern Cheyenne country. Lit: eating place Usage: not commonly known today Final -nó₂. Category: places.

Ȯhmésėhésóne   na. young Northern Cheyenne boy. Ques: recheck gloss and spelling esp ending Category: check. The plural can refer to young Northern Cheyenne children, which can be a mixed group of both boys and girls. Plural ȯhmésėhésoneho. Category: tribes.

-oh(n)   fta. by tool (or instrument). Etym: *-ehwekwa 'he-(me/you) (by tool)' > Ch /-ohe/ (Go88). etymological note: This entry illustrates that Cheyenne /n/ can reflect an original PA *w. This straightforward statement is oversimplified and the reader should consult a more accurate discussion of the processes whereby the PA semivowels w and y are frequently ultimately reflected by Ch. /n/ (I. Goddard. 1988. Pre-Cheyenne y. In In Honor of Mary Haas. Berlin: Mouton.) Some other examples: notse /nóte/ 'alien' < pwa:0a 'Sioux'. Note the alternation between /'h/ and /'n/ in forms containing the stem 'three' (or 'eight' which is based on the stem for 'three'): na'he 'three of' < *ne'0wi vs. na'nohto 'eight of' < *ne'0wa:tah0wi. The Cheyenne /n/ appears, reflecting the affected PA w, when the /n/ is followed by a back vowel /o/. (See etymological discussion under entry ne- 'second person possessor'.) fti: -oh. Nape'-ōhno. I broke him off by tool. Népo'-ohe. You broke me off by tool. Nápo'-ohe. He broke me off by tool.

óhne-   pv. in ornery fashion, adversely. É-óhnenėhešéve. He did it in an ornery fashion. Éohke-óhnenėhevoo'o. He never has anything good to say. tséstȧsáa'ée'-óhneéestsėstóhéhévȯse when they are not talked roughly (ornery) to. [1987:227] See: -tóvahe. Category: interpersonal.

Ȯh-néhovaestse   vai. Gram: ppl Stands. Category: names.

Ȯhnėševaestse   vai. Gram: ppl Swift. Variant: Nėševaestse. Category: names.

Ȯhnéševotonȯhtse   vai. Gram: ppl Two Tail Feathers. Variant: Néševotonȯhtse. Category: names.

-óhnetavo'eétahe   vai. sabotage; oppose. É-óhnetavo'eétahe. He opposed/sabotaged. Category: interpersonal.

-óhnetsestá   vti. oppose s.t., be against s.t. É-óhnetsēsta. He opposes it. tsé'tóhe tsé-óhnetsėstose These (people) who were against it. [SHOWUS.TXT] vta: -óhnetsėstov.

óhnetsėstȧhé'héó'o   na. foe, adversary. Phon: vs Plural óhnetsėstȧhé'heono. Category: interpersonal.

óhnetsėstȧhestȯtse   ni. antagonism, enmity.

-óhnetsėstósané   vai. hold a grudge; oppose people. É-óhetsėstósáne He holds grudges.

-óhnetsėstósené   vai. hold a grudge, oppose people. Móho'nótaéveéva-óhnetsėstósénėstse. He doesn't hold grudges. (1987:232).

óhnetsėstósenestȯtse   ni. grudge, enmity, bad feelings between parties, antagonism. Category: interpersonal.

-óhnetsėstov   vta. have grudge against s.o., oppose s.o.; be against s.o.; be on outs with s.o. Typically the break in relationship means the parties are not on speaking terms; the condition can be mended, and the reconciliation symbolized, with a handshake. É-óhnetsėstovóho. He opposes him. See: -nėsétam. Category: interpersonal.

-óhnevo'e'ov   vta. ornery hit s.o., hit s.o. in an ornery way. Ques: recheck segmentation and glosses?? Éstȧxamae'-óhnevo'e'ovóhoono néhe hetanóho. He almost knocked over that man. [The Big Bogeyman.228] Category: hit, check.

-ohohtsé   fai. tracks. Éhóest-ȯhōhtse. His tracks lead out. Évon-ȯhōhtse. His tracks disappeared. Tȧháóhe énėxhést-ȯhohtseo'o. Their tracks come from there. fta: -ohot; Variant: -hohtsé. Etym: *ahanϴ ?. Category: tracks.

-ohomó'he   fai. dance. Épėhév-ȯhomo'he. He danced well. Énȯhtóv-ȯhomo'he. He knows how to dance. Énés-ȯhomó'heo'o. They both danced. Éhóo'-ȯhomo'he. He danced out. Hemámaa'év-ȯhomó'hestȯtse War Bonnet Dance. Néxho'-ȯhomo'hėstse! Come dance! nėhp-ȯhomó'héso burrowing owl. vai: ho'sóe. Category: dance.

-ohóné   fai. sign, use hand motions. Éév-ȯhóne. He signed. Étó'h-ohóne. He signed to stop. Évé'ho'év-ȯhóne. He's doing finger signs/signing as a white person. Éonést-ȯhóne. He's faking out by hand game motions. Émé'-ȯhóne. He guessed the right bone in hand game. Évéeam-ȯhóne. He's a good hand game guesser/he guesses right every time. Évovéhp-ȯhóne. He missed everything (in hand game guessing). Neše éhet-ȯhóne. He is indicating two with two fingers. fta: -(o)hóov. Category: sign, handgame.

-ohoo'e   fai. wade, swim. swimming of fish, ducks, beavers, snakes, etc.; wading of people. Éam-ȯhoo'e. He waded/swam along. Épėhév-ȯhoeo'o. They are swimming nicely. Éhóxov-ȯhoo'e. He swam across. Étónet-ȯhoo'e? How does he swim/wade? Énés-ȯhoeo'o. They are both wading. Phon: compare énéšėhoeo'o 'they are both sitting there' Één-ȯhoo'e. He stopped swimming. Éést-ȯhoo'e. He swam into. Éonóv-ȯhoo'e. He waded ashore. Ésé'-ȯhoo'e. He waded into the water. Émé'-ȯhoo'e. He appeared swimming/wading. Étata'-ȯhoo'e. He waded out of sight. Phon: vs See: -ametó'honá; -tó'honá; -too'hame; -hoo'e; amȯhóomȧhtsestȯtse. Category: motion, swim.

-ohóot   fta. gift s.o., charismatize s.o. Népėhév-ȯhóota Ma'hēō'o. God gave you a good gift. Nánėhet-ȯhóota. He gave it to me that way. See: -nėhetȯhóot. Category: interpersonal.

-(o)hóov   fta. sign to s.o., motion to s.o. can refer to talking in Plains Indian sign language. Étó'h-ohóovóho. He motioned him to stop. É-nonamȯhóovóho. He made hitting motions toward him. Ná'év-ȯhóóvo. I signed to him. [1987:179] Éno'hé-hoovóho. He motioned him to get off the road. Éasėt-ȯhóovóho. He motioned to him to leave. Énótȧxév-ȯhóovóho. He saluted him. Náhnėhet-ȯhóóvo. I signed that way to him. [1987:179] Náháoenav-ȯhóóvo. I motioned to him to pray. Tatsėhet-ȯhóovenano! Wave at them (animate)! fai: -ohóné. Phon: has -vȯhóov allomorph See: -naesetsé; -onéstȯhóné; -amȯhóné. Category: sign.

-(o)hosé   mbp. penis. É-mátsev-ȯhōse. He has V.D. (literally, infected-penis). Éhohá-ohōse. He has a very big penis. Éháá'ėst-ȯhóse. He has a long penis. Éhe'kon-ȯhoseóó'e. He has an erect penis. Éháemée-hōse. He has a smelly penis. See: -ahá ‘vagina’. IndepNoun vétoo'ȯtse. Category: vulgar, body.

-ohot   fta. track s.o. Ná-vonȯhōto. I lost his tracks/trail. fai: -ohohtsé. Category: hunt.

-ohová₁   fai. flee. Éame-ohōva. He fled. Éase-ohováohe. He fled away/escaped. Éanȯhe-ohōva. He fled down. Etsėhe'-ȯhōva. He ran there. Etóne'-ȯhōva? Where did he escape to? Éxhóe-ohováohesėstse xaevo'ėstane. The Indian ran out. [1980:41:10] See: -o'ȧhéotse; -méohe. Category: motion.

-ohová₂   fai. play handgame. Ques: recheck gloss?? Énȯs-ȯhóva. He's guessing. Éés-ȯhóva. He missed guessing the handgame bone. Émé'-ȯhóva. He found the hand game bone. See: -ohoné; -ová₂. Category: games, check.

-oht   sfx. iterative suffix for 1st person singular subject AI conjunct verbs. Ques: analysis and segmentation uncertain?? ȯhnaóotsétonȯhtse when I sleep. See: -est.

ȯht-   pfx. Gram: ppl conjunct iterative prefix. used in interative conjunct verbs and participles, especially proper names. ȯhtȧséehévosėstse whenever they left/whenever they moved camp. ȯhtameehévosėstse whenever they moved. Mó'kėsá'e Ȯhtameohtsėstse Calf Walking. Phon: allomorph of oh- when vowel follows See: oh-; ho'-. Category: grammar.

-oht   sfx. TA conjunct ending for second person subject acting on third person object. tsévéstoem-ȯhtse your spouse (literally, the one whom you sit with). See: -o.

-óhtá₁   fti. by mouth. Épo'-óhta. He broke it off with his mouth. Évóhk-óhta. He bent it by mouth. Énén-óhta. He sucked on it. Toetóhtome! Hang on to it with your teeth! (said to more than one person). Phon: This entry consists of the final -óht 'by mouth' + TI Object Agreement Marker -á. Homonym -óhtá₂ ‘leg (medial)’; fta: -om. Etym: *-ant. See: -otóht; -ohtá₂ ‘abdomen’; -ohtá₅ ‘cold’; -óhtá₄ ‘leg’. Category: mouth.

-ohtá₂   mbp. abdomen, stomach, intestines. This seems to be the inside of the stomach while -asé refers to the outside of the stomach. ?? Éó'-óhta. He is constipated. Éónėx-ȯhtáóhtse. He has a stomach ache. Éhest-ȯhtáotse. He has cramps in his abdomen. Émom-óhtóhta. He has diarrhea. Épa'-ȯhtáotse. He had a gall bladder attack. Homonym -ohtá₅ ‘cold’. See: -tonėše ‘belly’; -asé ‘belly’. Category: body, check.

ohtá₃   fai. take time. Éháa'éh-óhta. He took a long time. Néta-tóne'éhóhta? How long did you stay (there)? tsétȧ-he'éhóhtȧse while he was gone. É-vone'éhóhta. He is taking a very long time. Category: time.

-óhtá₄   mbp. leg. háestȯhe-óhtáhe centipede (lit. many-legged-one). Émomá'e-óhtavose. His legs are red from the cold. Ékóe-óhtáxe. He bumped his leg. Variant: -(hk)óhtá; Homonym -óhtá₁ ‘by mouth’. Etym: cf. *mexka:ci (M.). See: -hahtá; -he'konamá. Category: body.

-ohtá₅   fii. cold, frozen. Éton-ōhta. It is cold. Éhe'kon-ōhta. It is frozen. Éma'omév-óhta. It is icy/there is a layer of ice on top. Ésáama'omév-ȯhtáhane. It is not icy. Étonova'om-ōhta. It (for example, river ice) is thick. Etym: *aten (R). fai: -ose₁; Homonym -ohtá₂ ‘abdomen’. See: -óhtá₁ ‘by mouth’; -óhtá₄ ‘leg (medial)’. Category: temperature.

ohtaen-   i. overnight. Éohke-ohtaenoovȯhoosemēnėstse. They (for example, berries) are soaked overnight. See: vóon-. Category: time.

-ohtaené   vai. overnight. É-ohtaēne. He stayed overnight. Kómááhe hétsetseha éohkėsáavovóhponeéva=nȧháó=ȯhtaenéheo'o. At least now it isn't compulsory that they board there. [1987:192] tsé'ȯhke-ohtaenévȯhtse mȯxe'ėstónėheo'o dormitory. [where students stay overnight] See: -ené₂; -eno'e₂. Category: time.

ȯhtaenéhéó'o   ni. dormitory. Synonym tsé'ȯhkeohtaenévȯhtse mȯxe'ėstónėheo'o. Category: buildings.

ohtaenémȧhéó'o   ni. hotel, motel. Lit: overnight-house Locative ohtaenémȧhéóne. Category: buildings.

ohtaenoove-   pv. overnight. Éohkeovóe-ohtaenoovėhoésemēnėstse. They are first soaked overnight. [Plums and Chokecherries.007] Category: time.

-ohtȧhé   m. colored, designed. É-hotóhkȯhtȧhéne. He's making a star design. Épe'pe'-ȯhtȧhéneo'o Ho'óhomo'eo'o. They (Siouxs) use "conglomeration" designs. Éoéškȯs-ȯhtȧhéne. He's making a pointed design. See: -ohtȧhéve. Category: colors, designs.

-ohtȧheve   f. design. combines with the equative final /-(é)ve/ in a number of forms, often referring to moccasin designs. Étónet-ȯhtȧheve? What kind of design does it/he have? ... éhet-ȯhtȧheve. ... it (or he) is so colored. Épėhév-ȯhtȧheve. It has a nice design. Éheóv-ȯhtȧheve. It has a yellow design. If the initial preceding this final ends in a vowel, /v/ is added before it: Éhotóhke-vȯhtȧhévénėstse. They (inanimate) have a star design. Ého'óhomo'év-ȯhtȧhévénėstse They (especially moccasins) have Sioux designs. Medial -ohtȧhé. See: hohtȧhé-; -oxa'ohe. Category: designs.

-ȯhtȧhéve   fii. designed, colored.

fai. designed, colored. combines with the equative final /-(é)ve/ in a number of forms, often referring to moccasin designs. ... éhet-ȯhtȧheve. ... it (or he) is so colored. Étónet-ȯhtȧheve? What kind of design does it/he have? Épėhév-ȯhtȧheve. He/It has a nice design. Étónet-ȯhtȧheve? What kind of design does it/he have? Éheóv-ȯhtȧhévénėstse. They (inan) have a yellow design. Relative Root -hetȯhtȧhéve. See: -hohtȧheve. Category: colors, designs.

óhta'hané   fai. tell.story. Épėhév-ȯhta'hāne. He told a good story. Énėxo-óhtȯhta'hāne. He told a cute story. vai: -hóhta'hané. Category: speak.

Ȯhtame'háooestse   Gram: ppl vai. Flying. Variant: Ame'háooestse. Category: names.

Ȯht-ame'háooestse   vai. Gram: ppl Flying. Variant: Ame'háooestse. Category: names.

Ȯhtamevonēhnėstse   vai. Gram: ppl Crawler. Variant: Amevonēhnėstse. Category: names.

Ȯhtane'emaxėstse   vai. Gram: ppl Shot At. Category: names.

ohto'se-   pv. almost (but unsuccessfully not). Ná-ohto'sėhovánee'e. I almost died. É-ohto'seéšėhóvanahe. He almost didn't do it. Phon: oh- + to'se- See: ohta-; to'ease-; -to'ėstó'-; éšėto'se-.

Ȯht-óoveotsėstse   vai. Gram: ppl Shaking, Shaker. This is shaking as a horse or dog might do to shed water. See: -óoveotse. Category: names.

-ohtóvá   fai. shop. Námá't-ȯhtóva. I finished shopping.

fti. sell, buy, shop. Nátao'sėhé-ohtóva toóomȧšéšestȯtse. I'm going to go buy a cold drink. Nétaéšėhé-ohtóvahe? Did you already shop? Tȧhé-ohtóvȧhtse kóhkonȯhēō'o! Go buy bread! vai: -hohtóvá. Category: money.

ohtóva(e)- ??    Category: check.

pv. persistent(ly); keep on. ho'nótae-ohtóva=tā'se='éeháahetanovȯhtse naa mátomóxho'nótaéve-ohtóvaehoháatamaahetanovȯhtse They did not keep acting mean and also they did not keep acting tough (1987:54). See: hohtová-.

-ohtóvaohe   vai. buy quickly. Noóo, ma'kaata éohkeéšeno'énane ma'to'sėhéohtóvaohéstove. Oh my, you have to pay money to get into the store. See: money. Category: check.

óhtováveto   p. persistent. LF: It should be done this way.

ohtove-   pv. in spite of. Nėstseohtovėhéne'enánóvo. You (pl) will find it out (in spite of something). [Sweet Medicine Comments.080] See: váhtome-.

-ohtsé₁   fai. go. one of several AI movement finals; see discussion under -ehné. Éame-ōhtse. He walked/he went. Éahae-ōhtse. He detoured. Éá'kave-ōhtse. He is walking with a limp. Éaéstome-ōhtse. He came for nothing/wasted his time. Éhéne'he-ōhtse. He walked stiffly. Homonym -ohtsé₂ ‘process’. See: -ohe; -ehné; -o'ȧhéotse; -a'xe. Etym: *-pahto: ‘run (suffix)’. Category: walk.

-ohtsé₂   fai. process. Énae-ōhtse. (cf. É-naeotse 'he died/fainted'; faster action than -naeohtsé) He is numb.

fii. process. This final refers to a relatively slow, gradual process, while -otse refers to quicker action. -ohtsé communicates something close to imperfective aspect. Possibly related to -ohtsé 'go (AI final)'. Éoo'xe-ōhtse. (cf. Éoo'xeotse 'it is cracked' or 'it has become cracked') It's cracking. See: -otse; -ohtsé₁. Category: time.

-ohtsé   fti. Conjunct suffix for 3rd person singular subject and inanimate object. tsévóóht-ȯhtse what he saw (variant of tsévóóhto). Variant: -ó₃. Category: grammar.

Ȯhtséémėhé'e   na. (woman's name). Variant: Otséémėhé'e. Category: names.

-ohtséhahe   vai. be a beggar. É-ohtséhahe. He is a beggar. See: -óetsetanóh.

-ohtsévátanó   vai. be in love, fall in love. É-ohtsévátáno. He is in love/he fell in love. See: -méhósané; -mé'oo'o. Category: romance.

Ȯh-tsévatóéhné'e   na. Dusty Walking Woman. Category: names.

-ohtsévót   vta. give bride gifts for s.o.; fall in love with s.o. It has been strongly emphasized that, contrary to some misunderstanding of this custom, as written in the literature, this is not the same as a "bride price"; the bride is not "bought". The favor of her family was attempted to be obtained through presentation of the bride gifts. The permission to marry the girl was given by her brothers; the girl had no say in the matter. It brought disgrace on the family if the girl refused to comply. Horses were especially given as bride gifts. The horses were tied up outside a distance away. If the brothers did not approve of their sister's suitor, they would not even go outside. After a reasonable amount of time, the suitor understands he is being rejected and takes his horses back. Usage: Occasional modern usage for 'fall in love with s.o.' is semantically derived and does not reflect the precise original meaning. Some speakers do not accept this modern usage of the term. Ques: Were the gifts returned if the brothers did not approve of the suitor?? Category: check. É-ohtsévoto. He gave "bride gifts" to her family get permission to marry her. É-ohtsévótóho. (said by newer pronunciation). É-ohtsévohe. She was courted with bride gifts. (This can refer to the parents of the young man coming to ask for the young woman, to marry their son.) Category: marriage.

ohtše-   pv. regularly, habitually. Ná-ohtšeévėhetósėhóhta'háova tsėhéóhe tséévėhésovo'ėstanéhevestȯtse He used to tell me about life around. Usage: old male pronunciation of ohke- Variant: ohke-.

ȯh-vé'-   pv. when(ever), if (conjunct preverb sequence). See: vé'-; mȧh-vé'-; oh-. ȯhvé'nȧha'enóvosėstse whenever they (for example, the soldiers) caught them (...for example, they would then put them in prison). éohkėsáa'évėhéne'enóhehane tséévėhešévėstove heómaa'eȯh-ta-vé'hestanee'ėstse you don't know what you are doing, too much if you take it (drink)(1987:56).

Ȯh-vó'komaestse   vai. Gram: ppl White. Contracted Komaestse. father of Stamper White. Category: names.

Ókemé'éhne   na. Crow Appears. Phon: shortened to Ókemé'éhne Ques: recheck?? Non-contracted Ókȯhkemé'éhne. Category: check, names.

ókohke   na. crow. Plural ókȯhkeo'o. AltPl = ókȯhkeho Obviative ókȯhkóho. Ókȯhkeo'o éohketsėhésenėstseo'o. Crows (birds) talk Cheyenne. [1979:205] Cheyennes sometimes use the name of the birds, ókȯhkeo'o, to refer to the Crows, their neighbors and historical enemies, especially if there are Crows nearby who can hear them and would know that the Cheyennes are talking about them if they used the Cheyenne word for 'Crows,' Óoetaneo'o, which they know. Phon: hpo: High Push-Over is a process in which a phonemic high pitch is realized as a low pitch if it is preceded by a high and followed by a phonetic low. This is like a row of dominoes standing up in which the first domino remains standing but pushes over all dominoes standing next to it. High pitches on certain prefixes and preverbs do not trigger HPO. Some other examples of HPO are: né-háoenama /né-háóénáma/ 'we (incl.) prayed'; né-méhotone /né-méhótóne/ 'we(incl.) love him'; é-pėhévatamáno'e /é-pehévátamano'e/ (with iah)'it's a nice environment, pretty countryside'. This rule applies iteratively, until there are no other high pitches to push over. Phon: cf. contracted form /óóe-/ in Óoetane 'Crow' Morph: /ókóhke/. Non-diminutive Óoetane ‘Crow person’. Etym: *ka:ka:kiwa. Category: birds.

Ókohke Ȯhnéé'ėstse   vai. Gram: ppl Crow Stands. Category: names.

Ókohke Ȯhvó'omaestse   vai. Gram: ppl White Crow. Variant: Ókȯhkevó'omaestse. Category: names.

Ókȯhkėho'ēsta   na. Firecrow. See: ho'ēsta. Category: names.

Ókȯhkema'evoneo'hé'e   ni. Crow Bill River. near Sweet Water. Category: rivers.

Ókȯhkemé'éhne   na. Crow Appears. Phon: shortened to Ókemé'éhne Ques: recheck?? Contracted Ókemé'éhne. Category: check, names.

Ókȯhkeméóná'e   na. Crow Road Woman. Category: names.

Ókȯhkeméseestse   vai. Gram: ppl Crow Eater. Category: names.

Ókȯhkeo'hé'e   ni. Crow Creek. near Cheyenne, Wyoming. Grinnell (1906) records this as Óoetanéo'he'e and that Northern Cheyennes call this Ókȯhkeo'hé'e Crow (bird) River. Variant: Óoetanéo'hé'e. Category: rivers.

Ókȯhkeo'o Ȯhnéšese   vai. Gram: ppl Two Crows. Category: names.

Ókȯhkéso   na. Little Crow. Category: names.

-ókȯhkéve   vai. crow - be a. É-ókȯhkeve. He is a crow (bird). Reduplicated -oókȯhkéve. Category: birds.

Ókȯhkeveho   na. Crow Chief. Category: names.

Ókȯhkevó'omaestse   vai. Gram: ppl White Crow. Variant: Ókohke Ȯhvó'omaestse. Category: names.

Ókȯhkevóo'xénéhe   na. Humped Nose Crow. Category: names.

ókohtše   na. crow. Usage: old male palatalized pronunciation Variant: ókohke; Plural ókȯhtšeo'o. Category: birds.

okom   na. 1 • coyote. okom (or, okome) is a simplified spelling. The precise spelling is ó'kȯhóme but it is difficult to read. Precise Spelling ó'kȯhóme. Category: animals.

2 • Coyote. Category: names.

3 • conniver, sly person. Category: figurative, personality.

ó'-   i. dry.

-ó'   m. go by rolling. Probably at one time referred mostly to transportation by wagon, but has been extended to transportation by other vehicles where there is rolling action of wheels. Éam-ó'a'óvahtse. He went by bicycle (or tricycle) (literallyhe-along-roll-by.body-TRANS-REFL). Phon: spelled as -ó' if the following final begins with /a/; otherwise, spelled as -ó'e See: -ó'(e); ahkó'-. Category: roll.

-o'   m. knock. Ques: recheck analysis, medial?? spelling?? Éanov-o'ȯhnóho. He knocked him down. See: -evo'. Category: check.

ó'-   pv. actually. Ésáa-ó'-nėhesóhane. It's not exactly that way. Ésáa'-ó'taenėhéhe Motsé'eóeve. Sweet Medicine didn't exactly say that. [1987:10] Ques: meaning unclear?? See: tó'-; tae-. Category: degree, check.

-ó'aeho'tá   vai. dry and hot. about hot and dry weather. É-ó'aehō'ta. It (especially weather) is hot and dry. See: -háaeho'tá. Category: weather.

-ó'ȧhá'ene   vai. cook dry. É-ó'ȧhá'éne. She cooks food dry. fai: -ahá'ené. Category: cook.

-ó'ahe   vai. dry. É-ó'ahe. He is dry. See: -ó'eotse.

-ó'ahe   vai. dry. É-ó'ahe. He is dry. vii: -ó'ó.

-o'ȧhéotse   fai. drive fast, go rapidly, run. Éam-o'ȧhéotse. He ran by. Ého'-o'ȧhéotse. He arrived there running. Éhóxov-o'ȧhéotse. He ran across. Éhóoht-o'ȧhéotse. He ran home. Éonóv-o'ȧhéotse. He ran ashore / out of the water. if the initial ends in a vowel, that vowel is retained and the initial/o/ of this final is deleted: Éhóe-'ȧhéotse. He ran out. See: -ehné; -méohe; -ohtsé; -ohová; -ohe. Category: run.

-ó'ȧho'he   vai. cooked dry. É-ó'ȧho'he. He is cooked dry. Category: cook.

-ó'ȧho'h(n)   vta. dry s.o. by heat. See: -ó'oh(n). Ná-ó'ȧhó'no I dry him (with heat). [Croft]

-ó'ȧhó'ta   vii. cooked dry. for example, a roast that cooked too long. É-ó'ȧhó'ta. It's cooked dry. Category: cook.

-ó'ahtsé   vai. have dry mouth. É-ó'áhtse. He has a dry parched mouth. for example, from severe thirst. Medial -ahtsená. Category: mouth.

-ó'ȧhtsenáotse   vai. dry mouth, very thirsty. Ná-ó'ȧhtsenáotse. I have a dry mouth. BodyPartMedial -ahtse. Etym: *nepa·ʔCetonépali (R). Category: body.

o'a'-   i. sharp. É-ó'á'o. It's sharp (for example, a knife). É-ó'a'eta. He is sharp. See: éškos-.

-o'a'ee'e   vai. faced.away. Ésta-o'a'éehoo'o. She faced the other way. Ques: sat facing the other way Category: check.

-o'a'éotse   vai. turn head. É-o'a'éotse. He turned his (own) head. Category: head.

-o'a'éše   vai. lie facing the wall. É-o'a'éše. He is lying facing the wall. Category: lie.

-ó'a'eta   vai. 1 • sharp.

Ques: É-o'a'eta?? É-ó'a'eta. He is sharp.

2 • fig., be mentally acute, alert. This figurative usage is probably a loan transl. from English. Ésó'e-ó'a'eta. He's still sharp. (for example, he's not dull in mind yet). vii: -ó'a'ó. Category: texture.

-ó'a'há   fii. by wind. Éasėt-ó'á'ha. It was blown away by the wind. Éhe'am-ó'á'ha. It flew up in the wind. fai: -ó'a'xe₂. Category: wind.

-ó'a'hahtsé   vti. dry s.t. by shaking. for example, flapping it in the breeze. É-ó'a'hāhtse. He's drying it by shaking it. fti: -a'hahtsé; vta: -o'a'ham. Category: move.

-ó'a'ham   vta. dry s.o. by shaking. for example, flapping it in the breeze. É-ó'a'hamóho. He's hung him to dry. fta: -a'ham; vti: -ó'a'hahtsé. Category: move.

-ó'a'hasené   vai. dry. This refers to using a machine; -ó'ėhasené is for hanging something to dry. É-ó'a'hasēne. She's drying clothes. See: ó'ėhasené. Category: housework.

ó'a'hasenestȯtse   ni. clothes dryer. Variant: ó'a'hesenestȯtse, ó'a'hasēō'o. See: ó'óéséó'o. Category: tools.

ó'a'hasēō'o   ni. clothes dryer. Variant: ó'a'hasenestȯtse; Plural ó'a'haseonȯtse. Category: tools.

ó'a'hesenestȯtse   ni. clothes dryer. Variant: ó'a'hasenestȯtse. See: ó'óéséó'o. Variant: ó'a'haseo'o. Category: tools.

-ó'a'ó   vii. sharp. É-ó'á'o. It's sharp. for example, a knife. vai: -ó'a'eta; Antonym -nėxáhpó. See: -óha'ó; -éškosó; -heškóvó; -éstovó. Category: texture.

-ó'a'xe₁   vai. dry in wind. for example, of something animate made from cloth, such as a shirt or a towel. Lit: dry-by.wind É-ó'a'xe. He's drying on the clothesline. Category: wind.

-ó'a'xe₂   fai. by wind. Émomóht-o'a'xe. It (animate) is waving in the wind. Éasėt-ó'a'xe. He was blown away by the wind. fii: -ó'a'há. Category: wind.

-o'ame   f. shoot. Nėhē'še tsé'tóhe má'kó'se éstȧhe'am-o'amesėstse hemaāhe Then this Ma'ko'se shot his arrow into the air. (1987:308). See: ho'amé; ame. Category: hunt.

-ó'an   vti. dry s.t./s.o. É-ó'anóho. He dried him.

-ó'ané   fai. say, utter, pronounce, articulate, speak. This refers to the mechanics (details) of speaking, while -éestse refers to the overall actor speaking. -ó'ané can refer to pronunciation, but it can be broader than pronunciation, including the use of specific words. The final -nestse refers to speaking a particular language. Épėhév-ó'áne. He said it correctly. Námá't-ó'áne. I have spoken everything (I had to say). Ésáatónėše-ó'anéstovėhane. It cannot be uttered. Náohkėsáaoné'sómepėhévetsėhést-o'anéhe. I truly do not pronounce Cheyenne well. Éohkėsáahetsev-ó'anéhe. He's not afraid to say anything. See: -nestse ‘speak a language’; -heve ‘say’; -ónová; -éestse ‘speak’. Category: speak.

-o'asé   fii. fire, burn, flame, blaze, shine. Éasėt-o'āse. It has started burning. for example, of a forest fire or prairie fire. Ééx-o'āse. It is on fire/the fire is burning. Émomá'-o'āse. The flames were red. Évóon-o'āse. The fire burned all night. Variant: -o'kasé. See: -ó'tová; -asé₁; -ohasé. Etym: cf. *-eθe:- ‘burn, blaze (II final)’. Category: fire.

-ó'atamáno'e   vii. dry ground. É-ó'atamáno'e. It's dry ground / the ground is dry. See: -ó'oma'o'e. Category: environment, ground.

-ó'e₁   m. roll. especially by wagon. At one time this especially referred to transportation by wagon, but it has been extended to transportation by other vehicles where there is rolling action of wheels. Phon: This is spelled with just -ó' if a following final begins with /a/. Éam-ó'éhne. He went by wagon. Éam-ó'éna. He hauled it by wagon. amó'enēō'o wagon. Éév-ó'éna. He rolled (on the ground). Énėšev-ó'eohe. He traveled quickly by wagon. ... náhet-ó'ena ... he hauled me over there. for example, he took me there by car. Category: motion, roll.

-ó'(e)₂   m. wood, tree, bush. šéstót-ó'e pine tree. mót-ó'e (from /motó'e/) ash (tree) (imperm. antep. high). homen-ó'e elm. mén-ó'ėšé'e chokecherry bush area. hoóhtsenáheón-ó'e smoke flap poles. ho'otseon-ó'e willow backrest. pó'ponȯheon-ó'e drumstick. Éávȯh-ó'e. He cut timber. Éháa'ėst-ó'ohe. He (tree or tuber) is tall. Évon-ó'éma. He was lost in thick bushes. Éséno'-ó'eōhtse. He went into the bushes. Mano'o'éo'hé'e Grove River / Smoky Hill River. See: -o'e; -ó'o'e; -ó'é. Category: wood.

-o'é₃   fii. vegetation, plant, grass, weed. Éénan-ō'e. He's planting. Medial -o'é₅. See: -ó'o'e; -ó'(e)₂; -ó'é₄. Category: plants.

-ó'é₄   f. tens number, number of tens. nés-ó'e 20. na'n-ó'e 30. név-ó'e 40. nóhón-ó'e 50. naesóhtȯhn-ó'e 60. nésȯhtȯh-nó'e 70. na'nóhtȯhn-ó'e 80. sóohtȯhnó'e 90. no'ka mȧhtóhtȯhnó'e 100. Category: numbers.

-o'é₅   fni. vegetation, plant, grass, weed. he'kon-ō'ėstse buffalo grass (lit. hard-weeds). ván-ó'ėstse sage. ma'-ō'ėstse prairie grass (lit. red-grass). véesév-ó'ėstse tall rank grass (lit. teeth-weeds). fii: -o'é₃. See: mó'e'e; -ó'o'e; -ó'(e)₂; -ó'é₄. Etym: *-aškw ‘grass (medial)’. Category: plants.

-ó'é₆   m. handle, gunstock. appears to refer to the handle of an implement, such as an axe, knife, or hoe, or a shooting instrument which has a handle or gunstock ?? ká'-ó'e pistol. ma'aatán-ó'e gun. ma'aatán-ó'késo .22 rifle. Ée'o'-o'e. ?? The handle is broken. Ée'o'ev-o'ėhāhtse. He broke the handle of it. Émo'ȯhtávoot-ó'eve. It has a black handle. Ques: reck the following to see if there is a semantic relationship and if each contains such a medial seems to require morpheme-initial v- if the preceding morpheme ends in a vowel ??: néxȧhtsenáv-ó'e double-barrel shotgun. nėhpo'hóenév-ó'e 30-30 rifle. no'kȧhtsenáv-ó'e single-barrel shotgun. šé'šeetaemaahévó'e shotgun. See: -o'e; -ó'(e); hóótó'e; -ootó'e. Category: guns.

-ó'e   fn. gun.

o'e-   pv. out, away (from home). É-o'ėhémėsehe. He picnicked. (lit. out-eat) He picnicked. (literally, out-eat). See: o'ehné.

-o'eéh   fta. do to s.o. ?? É-amo'eeho. He is abusing him. Éonést-o'eeho. He tested him. É-pėhévo'eeho. He did good to him. [1987:216] Né-hávėsévo'eéhahtséme. You have ruined yourselves. Category: do.

-ó'eéstooná   vai. have a dry throat. É-ó'eéstoōna. His throat is dry. BodyPartMedial -éstooná. See: -mo'ó'eestóoná. Category: body.

-ó'eéstoonáotse   vai. throat become dry. Ná-ó'eéstoonáotse. My throat has gotten dry. BodyPartMedial -éstooná. Category: body.

-o'eétahe   fai. perform; do something; act. Épėhév-o'eétahe. He did a good thing. É-hávėsév-o'eétahe. He did something bad. Éma'heón-o'eétahe. He did something ceremonial (or magical). Éonést-o'eétahe. He did an experiment. Category: do.

-o'éevá   mbp. skin. Éoen-o'ééva. He's skinning. É-ónėxo'éeváóhtse. He has pain in the skin. É-mo'ȯhtávo'ééva. His skin is dark/black. Évó'om-o'ééva. He's light skinned. Néonétȧhév-o'éevama. We (incl.) have different skins. See: ho'éeve; vóhtáne. Category: body.

-o'eha   fni. moccasin. ȯxa'ȯhév-o'ėhanȯtse beaded moccasins. [Learning to Plow.010] Ques: segmental analysis o'ehan or vo'ehan?? Category: check.

-ó'ehá   vii. lie drying. Menȯtse é-ó'ėhánėstse. The chokecherries are lying (there) drying out. vta: -ó'ėšem. Category: berries.

-ó'ėhaéne   vai. dry eyes. É-ó'ėhaéne. He has dry eyes. Category: eyes.

-ó'ėhahtsé   vti. place s.t. to dry. É-ó'ėháhtse. He placed it so it could dry. É-ó'ėhahtsenȯtse menȯtse. She's making chokecherry patties. fti: -ehahtsé. See: -ova'kan. Category: put.

-o'ėhaná   fii. moccasin, shoe. Variant: -o'kėhaná. Pėhév-o'ėhaná'e Good Moccasins Woman. Category: clothing.

-o'ėhaná   fai. wear shoes, wear moccasins, have on shoes, have on moccasins. Épėhév-o'ėhāna. He has nice shoes (on). Nátsėhést-o'ėhāna. I was wearing moccasins. [Deer Meat.067] See: -o'ėhaná; -mo'kėhané. Category: shoes.

-ó'ėhasené   vai. lay something out to dry, dry laying out. that is, put something up to dry. É-ó'ėhasēne. He hung things up to dry.

-ó'ėhe'oná   vai. have dry hands. É-ó'ėhe'ōna ė?? He has dry hands. Category: check.

-o'ehné   vai. eliminate. urinated or had a bowel movement. Usage: This is a common euphemism for -mée'kahe; -xaa'e; etc. This literally refers to going out back, out of other people's view. É-o'ēhne. He eliminated. Étȧhé-o'ēhne. He went to eliminate. Éma'xe-o'ēhne. He pooped a lot. Nátȧhé-o'ēhne? May I go to the bathroom? See: -o'eohtsé; -mée'kahe; -mée'ahe; -mése'ahe; -mémėstanóme; -o'ėhnétanó; -xaa'e; -ȧsome. Category: body function.

o'ėhnémȧhéó'o   ni. bathroom, restroom, outhouse, toilet. can be for an indoor or outdoor toilet. Usage: This is a polite word. Some other words referring to excretion are not polite, such as -mése'kahe, -mée'kahe, and -xaa'e. See: too'hamémȧhéó'o ‘bath house’; -mése'kahe ‘defecate, poop’; -mée'kahe ‘defecate, poop’; -xaa'e ‘urinate’. Category: house.

o'ėhnestȯtse   ni. commode, toilet, bathroom, restroom. Plural o'ėhnéstotȯtse.

-o'ėhnétanó   vai. defecate feel, defecate urge. É-o'ėhnétáno. He wants to go to the bathroom. fai: -tanó; vai: -o'ehné. See: -mémėsetanó; o'ėhnémȧhéó'o. Category: body function.

-o'ėhnétanóotse   vai. defecate feel, defecate urge. É-o'ėhnétanóotse. He has gotten the urge to defecate. fai: -tanó; vai: -o'ehné. See: -mémėsetanó; o'ėhnémȧhéó'o. Category: body function.

-ó'e'šeehe   vai. decorated.

vii. decorated. É-ó'e'šeehe. It (or He) is decorated. Category: tepee.

ó'e'šeesēō'o   ni. dew claw ornament. Phon: vs Plural ó'e'šeeseonȯtse.

-ó'emá   fai. be of a persuasion. Énėhet-ó'éma He is of that persuasion. For example, he is a peyote person, he is of that persuasion. Relative Root -hetó'emá. See: nétȧhévó'emá.

-ó'emá   fai. be of a persuasion. Énėhet-ó'éma He is of that persuasion (for example, he is a peyote person). Relative Root -hetó'emá. See: -nétȧhévó'emá.

o'émeško   ni. saddlebag. used on a horse. these are always used as a pair; one on either side of horse; same method as with hó'seonȯtse 'par fleche'. can also be used as suitcases. Plural o'émėškonȯtse. Category: harness.

o'émȯxo'eha   ni. sole. of shoe or moccasin. Plural o'émȯxo'ėhanȯtse. tā'se náxaemese o'émȯxo'eha like I'm just eating moccasin sole. That is an idiom for 'This meat is tough.'. Nahkȯhe-o'émȯxo'eha Bear Sole. See: mo'keha. Category: shoes.

-o'en   vti. pick up s.t., harvest s.t. by hand. É-o'ēna. He picked it (for example, from the ground).

vta. pick up s.o., harvest s.o. by hand. É-o'enóho. He picked him. Nȧhtamȧhe-o'enanȯtse ma'xemenȯtse. I will pick all the plums. Hákó'e móhne'e'hé-o'enȯhenótse. She went to pick those (plums) way up at the top (of the bushes). [1987:288] Etym: *ansen- 'gather by hand'. See: -óénené(?); -o'eno'é.